Abstract

The objects of research are erosive and accumulative processes occurring in a river-bed and on surface of river basin. Depending on their character and intensity the concept about systems of erosion is entered. The most objective method of studying of their modern conditions is the analysis of sediment load and of their geological past – various methods geological and geomorphological reconstruction. As a result of research it is established, that on plains of the Earth two systems of erosion have received development. In first of them, named “river-bed”, erosive activity concentrates in a river channel and on its bank which are the basic supplier of sediment. In another system, named “river-basin”, erosion in a river channel plays the subordinated role and the great bulk of sediment acts from a surface of a river basin. Both systems differ among themselves with structure of river sediment, character of their transport, an alluvium structure, parity with slope deposits, and morphology of river valleys. The primary factor supervising change of systems of erosion in time and space, landscape and climatic conditions serves.

Keywords: alluvium, East of Russian Plain, Quaternary paleogeography, river basin, systems of erosion, sediment load, fluvial geomorphology, erosion