Abstract
The origin of
suspended sediments runoff in consideced according to
the mineral composition of sediments, the rocks washing ability which compose
the said basins and physical and mechanical properties of top soils which are
the main source of sediments origin.
Methodology is
based on use of petrographic methods of study in hydrology.The influence of hypsometric and morphometric factors on the sediment runoff, lithological composition of basins, feeding sources of rivers
and river runoff are considered as well.
Mineralogical and granulometric composition of sediment and alluvion have been determined .Alteration regularities of
the medium size grains (Md) and degree of
grading (S0) along rivers have been revealed. Classification
of rivers according to the composition of suspended sediments have been done.Differentiation of minerals is the river bed deposits
is clearly expressed according to their feeding sources. Mineralogical
associations for different river basins have been determined according to the
type of clayey minerals and composition of sand and dust fractions.
The role of hard minerals (quartz, feldspar, etc) have been
revealed under construction of hydrotechnical
structures. The recommendations to use the sediments runoff for the purposes of
amelioration (colmatage, refilling) have been worked
out.
The results of
changes caused by the influence of anthropogenic factors are given.
Keywords: Sediments; alluvion;
mineralogical composition; granulometric