Abstract

Laboratory flume experiments of shallow overland flow show that the sediment transport is not a random phenomenon but occurs in a highly organized manner. The organization reveals evolution of bed covered by sediments with several scales ranging from saltation of particles at very low concentrations to movement in wave forms. The wave modes emerge in post-saltation state and the sediment transport capacity of shallow flows is severely impacted. These wave modes consist of stripes, meanders and alternate bars. The temporal evolution of transport rates in the equilibrium stripe mode indicates smaller time scales (~ 10 sec) compared to (~10 min) the large spatial scale structures such as meanders. Power spectra of transport rate fluctuations characterize the stripe mode with multiple peaks at different frequencies.

 

Keywords: Shallow Overland Flow, Sediment Transport, Flow Patterns, Transport Rate